We all do it from time to time – replay scenarios over and over in our minds. Problem is, these repetitive and, at times, uncontrollable thoughts inevitably leave us feeling worse and make us more prone to depression.
So, why do people ruminate?
When people are sad or upset, it is seems reasonable to try think through their problems. But this may not always work because some of life’s problems are just not solvable, leaving people in a state of trying and failing.
People who ruminate are more likely to believe this behaviour will provide insight into their mood and behaviour. And if they don’t feel better, they take this as a signal that they should keep ruminating until they feel better.
Given the nature of rumination, it seems intuitively related to these processes. When a person is caught in the repetitive thinking loop, they are unable to stop these thoughts and direct their attention elsewhere.
There is some indication that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy may be of use because it breaks down the cycle of thought suppression and rebound, which can paradoxically increase rumination. Learning to accept the ruminative thoughts while addressing the content (reducing the negative and increasing the positive) might be the most effective course of action.
Cognitive behaviour therapy and meditation can also help deal with rumination.