We are often encouraged to drive less and walk more, but many cities like London have troubling air pollution statistics, which can leave people wondering which of their commuting options are really best for their health.

Now a study has weighed up these factors. Fortunately for those that prefer to be active, it has concluded that walking and cycling are almost always the better options for a person’s health.

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But Woodcock says we still need to take urgent steps to reduce pollution levels. “Pollution causes thousands of deaths a year. You’re breathing all this in whether you’re exercising or not,” he says.

If more people switch to walking or cycling instead of driving for the sake of their health, this will also bring down the amount of air pollution says Woodcock. “That’s a big win-win.”