1. Thorn (Þ þ) - ’th’ sound

  2. Wynn (Ƿ ƿ) - ’w’ sound, before what we now refer to as ‘double-u’

  3. Yogh (Ȝ ȝ) - ’ch’ sound, as in ‘Bach’ or Scottish ‘loch’

  4. Ash (Æ æ) - a sound between ’a’ and ’e

  5. Eth (Ð ð) - another ’th

  6. Ampersand (&) - a symbol for the word ‘and’

  7. Insular G (ᵹ) - the ’zh’ sound, as in middle of the word ‘vision’

  8. “That” - a symbol for the word ‘that’

  9. Ethel (Œ œ) - a long ’e’, as at the start of ‘esophagus’ (or ‘oesophagus’)

  10. Tironian “Ond” (⁊) - another symbol for the word ‘and’

  11. Long s (ſ) - a stylistic form of the normal ’s’

  12. Eng (Ŋ ŋ) - ’ng’ as in the end of ‘thing’

Most are from Old English or Middle English, some borrowed from Norse languages.